In an unprecedented statement, over forty senior academics including more than a dozen former presidents of the most important professional association for scholars of the Arab and larger Muslim world, the Middle East Studies Association (MESA), have signed a letter to US President Obama and Secretary State John Kerry calling for the Administration to demand the immediate release of blogger Alaa Abd El Fattah and other political detainees in Egypt, for Egyptian officials to suspend the protest law of 2013 and end the repression of free speech rights guaranteed by the Egyptian Constitution and international law, and end the regime of violence, including torture and extra judicial execution, that still governs Egypt after the electoral victory of Field Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi as President. Even as Iraq is engulfed by violence and Syria continues its brutal civil war, these scholars and officials, with literally centuries of experience in Egypt and the broader region between them, warn that growing political violence in Egypt epitomized by the recent reimprisonment of Alaa Abdel Fattah and ongoing rights abuses, risks permanently destabilizing Egypt, and with it, the region more broadly. They call upon the Obama administration to suspend non-humanitarian military, security, political, and economic cooperation with Egypt until the government heeds these demands.
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To President Obama and Secretary Kerry,
We, the undersigned academics and policy-makers condemn the intensifying assault on basic political and civil rights in Egypt, most recently epitomized by the June 11 sentencing of two dozen activists associated with the No to Military Trials movement, including well-known blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah, to fifteen years imprisonment.
The sudden conviction in absentia and incarceration of activists while police blocked them and their attorneys from entering the courtroom on a day scheduled for lawyers` briefs, is the latest and most glaring example of the systematic violations of internationally recognized rights of assembly, of freedom of expression, and of due process characterizing the political environment in Egypt today.
They are accompanied by the ongoing and widespread use of deadly violence by security forces on Egyptian citizens exercising their internationally recognized right to protest, the application of mass death sentences after severely flawed and politicized judicial processes, and the use of torture, long-term detention without trial and other forms of mistreatment of detainees by the government.
Such practices and policies undermine whatever positive impact elections and other formal democratic processes may bring to Egypt. Instead, they lay the foundation for deepening marginalization of ordinary citizens, intensifying social and political conflict, and ultimately even more violence. As we watch with great alarm the descent of Iraq into a potential civil war, and the even greater carnage next door in Syria, we note that beneath the sectarian and ethnic tensions considered to be driving these conflicts lie the long-term denial of basic rights to citizens, systematic corruption, and violence by governments against their peoples—dynamics that continue to define Egypt`s political environment even after last month`s Presidential elections.
The present regime of political violence, which began with and remains most fiercely directed against the Muslim Brotherhood, is increasingly focused on silencing all remaining revolutionary voices associated with the January 25-February 11, 2011 uprising. As we have seen in so many other countries, these policies require the demonization of more and more citizens as “terrorists,” “traitors” and “enemies,” against whom all manner of violence and repression are justified. In Egypt as elsewhere the end result of such policies, which have occurred with the acquiescence and even support of Egypt`s regional and international allies and patrons, will inevitably be the disintegration of bonds of common citizenship and intensifying of social, political and economic conflict.
Such an outcome is unfolding in Iraq, as it did in Syria before it—and closer to Egypt, in neighboring Libya. It is also increasingly and dangerously evident in the Sinai Peninsula. The costs to Egypt of such destabilization, and through it regional and even global security and stability, are almost impossible to calculate. Yet the steps necessary to prevent such an outcome are clear.
The Egyptian government must immediately release not only Alaa Abdel Fattah and other protesters most recently sentenced in absentia, but all political prisoners and detainees. At the same time, it must end the politicization of judicial proceedings, halt the still rampant use of torture and other forms of violence and mistreatment of Egyptian citizens, and suspend the protest law issued on November 24, 2013, whose severe restrictions on the right of assembly and political expression violate core principles of both the Egyptian Constitution and international law. Such measures are the sine qua non for any meaningful transition to democratic accountability in Egypt.
We call upon President Obama, Secretary of State Kerry, and the Administration in all its capacities, to demand these moves and, moreover, to suspend normal cooperation with the Egyptian government—including the provision of military aid or sales and non-humanitarian economic assistance—until such practices are in place. Ignoring or excusing gross violations of fundamental human rights in Egypt, particularly with other countries in the region in the midst of dangerous political meltdowns, cannot be considered constructive or sound policy, or justified on the grounds of realpolitik. They will serve only to produce enmity, violence, destabilization and chaos on an ever-wider scale across Egypt, and through it, the region.
The world community, and particularly Egypt`s most important ally, the United States, cannot afford to sit by while this happens.
Sincerely,
Nezar AlSayyad
Director, Center for Middle Eastern Studies
University of California, Berkeley
Paul Amar
University of California, Santa Barbara
Barbara Aswad
Wayne State University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Beth Baron
Graduate Center and City College, City University of New York
Director, Middle East and Middle Eastern American Center, Graduate Center, CUNY
Editor, International Journal of Middle East Studies
Joel Beinin
Stanford University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Sheila Carapico
Coordinator, International Studies Program
University of Richmond
Juan Cole
Director, Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Elliott Colla
Georgetown University
Michele Dunne
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Alexander E. Elinson
Director of the Hunter College Summer Arabic Program
Hunter College of The City University of New York
John L. Esposito
Georgetown University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Michael Gilsenan
Director, Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies
New York University
William Granara
Director, Center for Middle Eastern Studies
Harvard University
Frank Griffel
Chair, Council on Middle East Studies (CMES)
Yale University
Bassam Haddad
George Mason University
Editor, Jadaliyya
Yvonne Haddad
Georgetown University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Sondra Hale
Outgoing Director, Center for Near Eastern Studies
University of California, Los Angeles
Coordinator, California Scholars for Academic Freedom
Mervat Hatem
Howard University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Steven Heydemann
Georgetown University
Amy Austin Holmes
Brown University
Eric Hooglund,
Editor, Middle East Critique
Nubar Hovsepian
Chapman University
Michael C. Hudson
Georgetown University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Amb. Robert E. Hunter
Johns Hopkins University
Shireen Hunter
Georgetown University
Adel Iskandar
Georgetown University
Toby Jones
Rutgers University
Suad Joseph
University of California, Davis
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Kimberly Katz
Towson University
Amb. Richard Kauzlarich (ret.)
School of Public Policy, George Mason University
Mark LeVine
University of California, Irvine
Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University
Ann Lesch
The American University in Cairo
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Zachary Lockman
New York University
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Kevin W. Martin
Indiana University
Ellen McLarney
Duke University
Norma Claire Moruzzi
Director, International Studies Program
University of Illinois at Chicago
Karen Pfeifer
Smith College
William Quandt
University of Virginia
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Hesham Sallam
Stanford University
Laila Shereen Sakr
University of Southern California
Jillian Schwedler
Hunter College, CUNY
Sherene Seikaly
Director, Middle East Studies Center
The American University in Cairo
Jonathan Shannon
Hunter College
Samer S. Shehata
University of Oklahoma
Jeannie Sowers
University of New Hampshire
Joshua Stacher
Kent State University
Christopher Stone
Hunter College, CUNY
Ted Swedenburg
University of Arkansas
Chris Toensing
Editor, Middle East Report
John O. Voll
Georgetown University
Jessica Winegar
Northwestern University
I William Zartman
The Johns Hopkins University—SAIS
Past President, Middle East Studies Association
Stephen Zunes
University of San Francisco
Affiliations are provided for identification purposes and should not suggest institutional endorsement of this letter.
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[This letter was modified slightly at the request of the signatories]