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Sectarianism
السلطة الساعية إلى انتزاع الطائفة من جبلها إلى عنفها
حتى هذه اللحظة، لا يزال ولاء الطائفة العلوية، الأكثر التباساً بين المواضيع المطروحة في الثورة السورية. الطائفة التي لم يعطها التاريخ حقها من الدراسة والبحث، لا يفهم كثيرون أسباب ولائها المطلق. والبعض يشطح بخياله بعيداً ليحمّل الموضوع أكثر مما يحتمل. هل الاضطهاد الذي تعرضت له الطائفة عبر تاريخها على يد السلاجقة والمماليك، هو السبب في موقفها الآن؟ لا نستطيع تجاهل أن النظام لم يتح للطائفة فرصة أن تكون طائفة! على العكس تماماً، قام النظام على مدى عقود بتلخيص الطائفة بالنظام. الطائفة العلوية هي النظام ونقطة. والدليل على ذلك، حركة التشيّع التي غزت الساحل السوري بعد اغتيال رئيس الوزراء الأسبق رفيق الحريري عام 2005 والتي سهّل النظام السوري «العلوي»، مهمّتها. حتى أن أحد ...
Keep Reading »فنر الحداد: الطائفية في العراق
[ "كتب" هي سلسلة جديدة على صفحات "جدلية" نستضيف فيها المؤلفين والمؤلفات في حوار حول أعمالهم الجديدة ونرفق به فصلاً من الكتاب. الحلقة الثانية في السلسة هي حوار مع الباحث العراقي فنر الحداد] الطائفية في العراق فنر الحداد (نيويورك، دار نشر جامعة كولومبيا، ٢٠١١) - كيف تبلورت فكرة الكتاب وما الذي قادك نحو الموضوع؟ - قبل الإجابة على هذا السؤال يجب النظر الى تطور الأحداث على مدى ستة عشر سنة، من ١٩٩١ ولغاية ٢٠٠٦ وما جرى خلالها. في الحقيقة كان البحث في بداية الأمر عن ذاكرة أحداث ١٩٩١: كيف لشعب أن يختلف هذا الإختلاف الجذري في الذاكرة بين التمجيد والتخوين؟ كيف لتمرد ضد نظام مستبد يفتقر لقاعدة شعبية (خاصة في آذار ٩١ بعد كوارث حرب ...
Keep Reading »رقصات طائفية على أشلاء الشهداء في القطيف
هل يمكن لدولة الحزب الواحد أن تتحول إلى دولة الشعب الواحد بين عشية وضحاها ؟ وهل يمكن لدولة الاستبداد أن تعترف ببقية مكونات شعبها وأن تسمح لكل صوت مغمور فيها أن يرتفع؟ كل الذين عاشوا الاستبداد والقهر يعلمون علم اليقين أن الإجابة لا. لا نفشي سراً حين نقول إن السلطات السعودية تصادر الحريات الدينية والسياسية لأطياف مجتمعها المتباينة. ولقد رفعت وزارة الداخلية في المملكة وتيرة الحرب الإعلامية والمواجهة بالرصاص لشباب الحراك المطلبي في القطيف في ظل أجواء الكراهية والبغضاء التي تجتاح شبه الجزيرة العربية تجاه المجتمع الشيعي الذي يمثل أكثر من ١٠٪ من سكان المملكة. لا يجد المتتبع لمشكلة الاحتقار الطائفي لمعتنقي المذهب الشيعي في المملكة عموماً ولأهالي المنطقة الشرقية بشكل خاص أي ...
Keep Reading »Blaming Others: A History of Violence in Lebanon
Violence has defined the seven years since the 2005 assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. But there are ruptures in the now familiar landscape of burning tires; Israel’s abduction of Lebanese citizens, its invasion of the country’s airspace, mounting casualties from Israeli land mine and cluster bombs; the abuse and killing of migrant workers, and the sound of lonely machine gun fire somewhere in the night. This is a list of the most discernible violence in Lebanon this past decade: In 2006 a war with Israel left thousands of civilians dead and almost a million others displaced. In 2007 the Lebanese army, with the vocal support of many Lebanese citizens, ...
Keep Reading »Beating the Drums of Orientalism
The US occupation of Iraq, coupled with its attendant deployment of sectarianism as a political technology, has foreclosed the possibility of non-sectarian modes of seeing, or critiquing political life in Iraq. In "Shiites and Sunnis in post-US Iraq: separate and unequal; some predict dissolution of country," the five contributors, four of whom are writing from Iraq, adopt this lens in reflecting on the contentious relationship between Sunnis and Shias in Iraq. In the article, originally published by The Associated Press and re-posted by The Washington Post and The Washington Times, the authors hone in on the Shia persecution of vulnerable Sunnis in the ...
Keep Reading »The Pope's Predicament
Just over ten years ago, before the illness that took his life today had sapped his body’s strength, I had the opportunity to meet with Pope Shenouda III, the Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church. It was September 2001, only a matter of days after the September 11 attacks, and I was in Egypt beginning a year’s worth of dissertation research. My father had opted to travel with me, to help me settle into the rhythms of life in Cairo. I was delighted with this, not so much for the advice he could give about the year ahead, but because – as a prominent diaspora Copt – he could work his connections to secure a meeting with the Patriarch. At the time, ...
Keep Reading »Framing Syria
Over the last forty years, the Assad regime has mastered the method of burying our stories almost as well as burying our people. Our cities, like their residents, carry the scars of brutality, hiding decades of bloody secrets within their thick stone walls. One city in particular, Hama, lives with a twenty-nine-year-old secret, its 1982 massacre. It’s not really a secret, rather classified as a taboo subject never to be discussed in voices louder than whispers behind closed doors. Syrians didn’t even call it a massacre, they vaguely referred to it as al-ahdath, the events, as if there were an unspoken deal between the murderous regime and the people. We thought all these ...
Keep Reading »Gilbert Achcar on "The Arabs and the Holocaust"
The video below is from a book talk by Gilbert Achcar at the UC Berkeley's Center for Middle East Studies on 20 October 2011. He discusses his critically acclaimed book, The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. He covers Arab attitudes to Zionism, anti-Semitism, Nazism and the Holocaust from the aftermath of the First World War through the contemporary period.
Keep Reading »المسيحيون العرب: مواطنون لا ذمّيّون
اليوم وقد بدأت مرحلة التغيير في العالم العربي بسقوط الأنظمة الدكتاتورية واحداً تلو الآخر، يجدر بنا التوقف مليا واعتبار مانريد أن نراه في المستقبل القريب وعلى المدى البعيد من تغييرات جوهرية في أنظمة حكمنا وفي ترتيب مجتمعاتنا وفي علاقاتنا ببعضنا البعض لكي نحقق المأمول من عدالة ومساواة أمام القانون وتوفير الحريات كافة لكل الناس سواسية. وما هذه بالأهداف الخيالية، وإنما هي أهم مايلزمنا لكي تستعيد مجتمعاتنا عافيتها بعد الضيم الذي لحقها لأكثر من نصف قرن من أنظمة القهر والاستغلال ولكي تنهض من كبوتها وتواكب مسيرة العالم وتشارك بها فاعلة ومنفعلة بالقدر نفسه، بعدما قضت وقتاً طويلاً وهي تراقب العالم عن بعد منفعلة بأحداثه بدون تفاعل معها أو تأثير عليها حتى فيما يخص شؤونها هي ...
Keep Reading »AJE Interview with Paul Sedra on Copts in Egypt and Recent Attack on Protesters
The following interview with Paul Sedra aired live on Sunday 10 October 2011. Paul discusses the build up to and context of the protest of over 10,000 Egyptians (mainly Copts), which was attacked by plain clothed thugs as well as military personnel on Sunday 9 October. The attacks left at least seventeen dead and many more injured. The protest that was to take place yesterday in front of the Radio and Television Building at Maspero was ostensibly about the failure of Egypt’s military government to hold those responsible for attacking churches (most recently in Aswan) for their actions. But the massacre of protesters that ultimately came to pass, and the ...
Keep Reading »New Texts Out Now: Max Weiss, "In the Shadow of Sectarianism"
Max Weiss, In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi`ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010. Jadaliyya: What made you write this book? Max Weiss: I suppose the central question at the heart of my book is: How did the Lebanese Shi`a become sectarian? Amidst the flood of writing about the rise to prominence and influence of the Shi'i community in Lebanon during the second half of the twentieth century—with starring roles for Imam Musa al-Sadr and his Movement of the Deprived, and subsequently-emerging figures associated with Hizballah—there was very little appreciation of the fact that the community's empowerment and ...
Keep Reading »Kamal Salibi (1929-2011)
Scholars of Lebanon collectively grieved at the news of the passing of Kamal Salibi, eminent historian, professor, and prolific author, on Thursday, 1 September, 2011. Salibi spent most of his academic career as a faculty member of the Department of History and Archeology at the American University of Beirut (AUB), from 1953 until 1998, at which point he was appointed Professor Emeritus. Not only did he help shape the world view of undergraduates for over four successive decades, one would be hard pressed to find a single graduate student of Lebanon– or, indeed, trained in the historiography of the Middle East– in any academy whose intellectual foundations were not in ...
Keep Reading »The Balkanisation of Syria: Myth or Reality?
In recent weeks, as the number of casualties in the Syrian civil war has been soaring exponentially, so have comparisons of the situation in the country with the wars that ravaged and, ultimately, resulted in the break up of the Yugoslav federation into several smaller and purportedly ethnically more homogeneous states in the 1990s – a process commonly referred to as Balkanisation. Such comparisons vary greatly in degree and are often little articulated: from drawing parallels with an ill-defined ...
Keep Reading »زوبعة "النمر" لم تكن في فنجان
على الرغم من مرور أكثر من ثلاثة أسابيع على اعتقال الشيخ نمر النمر إلا أن الشارع لم يهدأ وأصوات المتظاهرين لازالت تدوي في الارجاء، ولازالت المدرعات وقوات الأمن تلاحق الشباب وتقنص وتترصد في نواحي عدة في قرى وبلدات محافظة القطيف. أرض القطيف اهتزت بهتافات الآلاف من الغاضبين في تشييع الشهداء الأبرياء الذين سقطوا برصاص القناصة من جنود وزارة الداخلية. لقد أضحى تشييع الشهداء موعد الألوف من القطيفيين للصراخ في وجه القاتل وللتعبير عن غضبهم ورفضهم في أن يبقى فوقهم قاهرا. وعلى الرغم من كل مساعي ...
Keep Reading »Lebanon, the Sectarianization of Politics, and Genderalizing the Arab Uprisings: Interview with Maya Mikdashi
The following interview with Jadaliyya Co-Editor Maya Mikdashi was conducted by Eugenio Dacrema for the Istituto per gli studi di Politica Internazionale (ISPI), on whose website it was originally published on 21 June 2012. In the interview, Maya discusses developments in Lebanon as they related to the uprising in Syria. She also discusses Lebanese politics more generally as well the workings of gender politics in the Middle East. Eugenio Dacrema (ED): A Few days ago a new session of the National ...
Keep Reading »About Last Night
Last night the sound of gunfire punctuated the Beirut soundscape. Supporters of the anti-Syrian and majority Sunni Future Movement clashed with members of the pro-Assad and Sunni Majority Arab Movement. The fighting, which was most intense around the Beirut Arab University, continued until the early hours of the morning. The area around the Beirut Arab University is mixed. For the last several decades, “mixed” used to refer to Christian and Muslim co-habitation in this city, but today it is increasingly ...
Keep Reading »ماذا يعني الحكم لصالح حازم صلاح أبو اسماعيل، وماذا نقرأ في عودة الإخوان للميدان؟
أتت التطورات الأخيرة على مدار الأسبوعين الماضيين من تصعيد الإخوان ضد المجلس العسكري، إلى تقدمهم بمرشحين لانتخابات الرئاسة، إلى ما أعقب ذلك من ترشيح عمر سليمان، إلى قرار الإخوان بالعودة إلى الميدان، إلى الحكم الصادر لصالح حازم صلاح أبو اسماعيل، وإن توقعها البعض، لتعكس تقريبا كل التصورات التي كانت دارجة حتى وقت قريب عن شكل المرحلة القادمة، ولتؤكد كذلك للمرة الألف على صحة كل ما كان يقال عن إدارة المرحلة الانتقالية بما يعيد السلطة كاملة إلى احضان النظام السابق. لنبدأ بالحكم الصادر لصالح حازم صلاح أبو ...
Keep Reading »2011, A Memory From Lebanon
When the revolutions began in March of 2011, I was envious. It is not easy to admit this. Back then, before the revolutions turned bloody, before Libya and Bahrain and Syria and before the continuation of a military state in Egypt, the possibilities seemed contagious. But even then, while in the fever of January, beneath a desire for revolution, I understood that I would not see a similarly broad based and successful uprising in Lebanon. Watching the swell of people in Tahrir Square on television, I was ...
Keep Reading »Three Versions of Copt
Not quite a day later, a secular Muslim employee at one of Egypt’s largest media institutions begins to unpack the events of 9 October at his office, not far from the site of blood in downtown Cairo -I- Yesterday evening, while I sat at this desk dreaming up cultural content for the pages I am in charge of, Twitter began turning up news of protesters being fired at and pelted with stones – but not run over by combat armored vehicles, not beaten repeatedly after they were dead, nor thrown into the Nile ...
Keep Reading »The Maspero Massacre: The Military, the Media, and the 1952 Cairo Fire as Historical Blueprint
The Maspero Massacre and the official media policy that emerged in its wake can only be understood in the context of the ongoing struggle between the national security state and forces working to achieve a fledgling democracy in Egypt. The January Revolution was a transformative moment in the country’s history: a moment of transition from a security regime that had grown rotten to the core after sixty years in power towards a nascent democratic state. Freedom of speech and the personal dignity and ...
Keep Reading »Sectarianism and the Revolution
There is a great deal of discussion in media circles of the attacks on Coptic protesters that took place this past Sunday. Much of this discussion has framed the attacks as sectarian and, specifically, as anti-Christian. Indeed, the language used in the headlines of various op-ed pieces is extremely evocative, if not verging on the hyperbolic. The religion blog in the Canadian National Post has featured a "question and answer" discussion under the title “Are Coptic Christians ...
Keep Reading »Hate Speech Finds a Mainstream Platform
It is not often that major international publications respond to crackpot opinion pieces in other newspapers. Yet Robert L. Bernstein’s latest tantrum against the Palestinians, which the Washington Post published instead of steering the author to an extremist website, was so far beyond the pale that The Economist felt compelled to issue a ...
Keep Reading »Statement of Syrian Christians in Support of the Revolution
[The following statement was issued in English, French, and Arabic by a group of Syrian Christians on July 10, 2011.] Statement of Syrian Christians in Support of the Revolution I. Christianity being a religion of truth, justice, equality and love, Syrian Christians can not but be with their fellow citizens in their peaceful movement toward freedom, justice, and equality. II. We, as Syrian nationals and an active part of Syrian society, declare our early participation in this blessed revolution which ...
Keep Reading »Hot on Facebook
On the tenth anniversary of 9/11, it is tempting to want to linger on the part about “being right,” but it’s more important to focus on why “it didn’t matter” because we are still right, and it still doesn’t matter.click | email | tweet
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